Aurora Australis

Geomagnetic storms (magnetic storms on Earth because the sun activity) to respect and Aurora borealis Aurora australis - North and South light. However, they also can cause various unwanted consequences. Electrical current surges in power lines, interference in radio broadcasts, television, and telephone signals, and communication with defense issues related to the magnetic storm. Odd behavior in the air and sea navigation instruments have been observed, and the compass anywhere in the world would be affected. This storm is known to alter the atmospheric ozone layer. Even increased pipeline corrosion has been given to them.

Variations in more than 11 years in the cycle of the sun from Sun intensity electromagnetic output at some wavelengths significantly affect the chemical structure and dynamics of the atmosphere above the earth. Long-term solar variations may be associated with major shifts in global climate.

Apollo Astronaut Astronaut Edwin Giriraj b walk on the lunar surface near the foot of the Apollo 11 Lunar Module. Sincerely NASA archives.

The main solar activity is a very serious concern in space flight. Communication can be disrupted. Disturbances hot sun on the big atmosphere, causing to expand and create increased drag on spacecraft in low orbits, shortening their orbital lifetime. Spacecraft can be potentially rolled and burned in the air.

Increasing SEP events contain very high levels of radiation, more than one million times the daily dose of ordinary people on Earth. Radiation can cause illness when people are outside the protection of the magnetosphere of Earth, such as in the mission to the moon and to Mars. Cosmonaut's Monitoring of exposure to radiation at the Project Mercury and Shuttle Program has been through at this time. Space radiation environment is very different from that found on Earth. More information about the dangers of radiation exposure to astronauts - from NASA JSC ...

High-energy solar protons can produce radiation in the atmosphere increase in the altitudes where the supersonic aircraft. This is especially true for flights over the north and south magnetic poles, the region is not protected by the earth magnetic field, where the radiation has direct access to the air. To reduce the risk to the crew and passenger aircraft, and to reduce the risk of aircraft, routine forecasts and warnings sent by the Federal Aviation Administration so that the flight in a potential danger can consider what action to take to minimize radiation. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Space Environment Center (SEC) forecasts a high-speed solar wind and solar particle events. SEC has the Space Weather Advisories page.

The ACE Real Time Solar Wind (RTSW) experiment also produces on-line geomagnetic storm alerts. www.helios.gsfc.nasa.gov

Image Downloaded from www.teara.govt.nz

Aurora in Norway

This is beautiful aurora in Norway

www.apod.nasa.gov

Aurora Borealis Alaska

Aurora Borealis Alaska

The Aurora borealis, or northern lights is one of the greatest attractions that make Alaska a popular travel destination. But if you want to see them, you have to plan your trip carefully. Although the Aurora Borealis or northern lights Aurora is active year round, they can only be seen when the Alaska night sky is dark enough. Although it usually occurs between late August and early April, it may be different in specific regions of Alaska. Anyone planning Aurora borealis holidays should research the particular area they are visiting to determine the best time to see the northern lights.

The Aurora borealis, or northern lights is a phenomenon that is not fully understood. The Aurora gets its name from the Roman goddess of dawn. An Eskimo history tells us that the lights are spirits in heaven playing catch with a walrus skull. Another legend describes light as flaming torches carried by travelers to the afterlife.

On a more scientific level, it was once thought that Aurora Borealis was produced by sunlight reflected from polar snow and ice, or refracted light corresponds to the light, producing rainbow. But recent research suggests that the Aurora is caused by radiation that is emitted as light from atoms in the upper atmosphere as they are hit by fast moving electrons and protons. The type of atom determines the color. The sun also seems to have an influence since aurorae become brighter, more dramatic and widespread after two days of intense sunshine.

So what is special about the northern lights that people go out of their way to plan specific Aurora borealis holidays? Imagine this. You look up and see the undulating, multi-colored bands of light dancing across the sky. Patterns show the visual much more complex than the most talented artist could create. People take Aurora borealis tours to witness these miracles of nature.

In order to best appreciate the northern lights, many people decide to take Aurora borealis tours. It is advisable if you are really keen to see this Fantastic phenomenon. An information guide will tell you the best times and places to see the Aurora Borealis. Some Aurora borealis tours have specific themes, such as photography, and the other is combined with winter sports.

Toba Lake

Toba Lake is a legend. Pride of North Sumatra and Indonesia. The largest lake in Southeast Asia this store so much that no uniqueness both of them.

Toba Lake was formed perhaps because the eruption of Mount Toba in the most terrible pre-history era. If the legend in the Land of the Batak, the lake formed because of flooding.

Toba Lake not be released from the history of Batak. In the middle of the lake, there are top of the hill called Samosir Pusuk Buhit. I wonder where this is the Batak King, the nation Batak ancestors to the earth derived from Kahyangan. This place has now been renovated to keep the legneda. Place is very beautiful and mystical.

In Samosir Island, there are also lake. So there is a lake above the lake. Currently, Samosir is a retired district. Until already full, Lake Toba in many districts. Simalungun, Dairi, Karo, Central Tapanuli, Toba Samosir and regional security Samosir have each located on the edge of the lake.

Image downloaded from : www. jhonrido.files.wordpress.com

Toba Lake Samosir Island

Toba Lake Samosir island

Toba Lake is a lake with vulkanik size 100km x 30km area of Sumatra, North Sumatra, Indonesia. In the middle of the lake, there is an island called vulkanik Samosir Island.

Toba Lake long since become an important tourism destinations in
North Sumatra, Bukit Lawang and the addition of Nias, attract domestic tourists
and the world.

Toba Lake is estimated that the explosion occurred around 73000-75000 years ago and is bursting supervolcano (super volcanoes) that most new.

Bill Rose and Craig Chesner from Michigan Technological University estimate that the material vulkanik issued from the mountain 2800km3, with 800km3 stone ignimbrit and 2000km3
vulkanik estimated that the ash is blown away to the west for 2 weeks.
Vulkanik be blown dust that the wind has spread to half the earth, from
Chinese to the south african. Eruption occurred for 1 week and
10 KM throw dust in the top surface of the sea.

This incident caused the death and mass in some species also followed extinction. According to some DNA evidence, this eruption also reduce the number of people until about 60% of the human population at that time the earth is approximately 60 million people.
The explosion also caused the ice period, although the experts still debate the matter.

After the eruption, which then formed Caldera filled by the water and into the now known as Lake Toba. Pressure to the top by Magma, which has not been out resulted Samosir Island.

Prambanan temple

This is Prambanan Temple in the night, Prambanan Temple, when used for ballet performances of Ramayana

Prambanan temple

Prambanan temple in the morning. this picture taken when the temple in restore. very beautiful......

Prambanan temple

beautiful prambanan temple in the night

Prambanan temple

Prambanan temple is as high as 47m, which was built in the century-10 on the government two kings, Rakai and Rakai Balitung edges. Prambanan Temple, reputedly originating from the legendary love story between Bandung Bondowoso with Roro Jonggrang. Because they do not love Daska, Jonggrang have the statue made in 1000 in the night time.

however, when the statue mecapai is 999, smb Jonggrang Daska by citizens ask pound of rice and create a fire so large as to establish the atmosphere of the morning. Due to fraud, the Bonodowoso condemn Jonggrang a statue to 1000. Prambanan temple has 3 main page in the main, the Vishnu Temple, Brahma and Shiva.

The third temple is the symbol of the Hindu belief in the Trinity. The third temple is facing east. Each temple has a main temple facing the assistant to the west, namely Nandini to Shiva, Swan to Brahma, Vishnu and for Garuda. In addition, there are 2 temples wedge, 4 temple curtain, and 4 corners of the temple. Meanwhile, the second page has 224 temples. Prambanan temple also has a relief that the story of Ramayana.

According to experts, the relief is similar to the story of Ramayana derived through oral tradition. Relief that is interesting is the Kalpataru tree in the Hindu religion is considered as the tree of life, environmental sustainability and harmony.

EDENSOR

EDENSOR

THE FEATURE

The small estate village of Edensor, pronounced ‘Ensor’, is set in one of the most beautiful locations in the country in parkland owned by the Devonshire family, whose stately home at Chatsworth House is only five minutes walk away. Mentioned in the Domesday Book, the village has been re-sited since then. Originally it lay between the river and the road through the Park, when the houses were set out in a straggling line down to the Derwent.

This did not appeal to the fourth Duke of Devonshire who having spent considerable money and effort improving the House, redesigning the gardens and building a grand new bridge over the river, decided to take down those houses visible from the House. The tenants were re-housed in the nearby estate villages of Pilsley and Beeley. The sixth Duke completed the dismantling of the old village and built the present one.

One house and garden on the riverside of the road, surrounded by a stone wall, still remains. Spared it is believed, because the tenant, an elderly man, did not want to move and the duke in an act of kindness allowed him to stay. Under the brow of the hill it was not visible from the House.

Joseph Paxton, who remodelled and landscaped the gardens at Chatsworth, chose the site for the new village, but it was John Robertson a relatively unknown architect from Derby who provided the designs. At that time aspiring young architects such as Robertson would prepare a book of house plans as part of their training.

It is thought that Robertson approached the Duke to show him the plans when he was busy with other matters and that after quickly looking through them he could not make up his mind and chose all the different styles in the book. The designs ranging from Norman to Jacobean, Swiss-style to Italian villas are all here at Edensor. A few of the old houses remained virtually untouched including parts of the old vicarage, two cottages overlooking the green and the old farmhouse which now houses the post office, shop and tea rooms.

Robertson retained the 14^th century church, but only about 30 years after the completion of the model village it was replaced by a much larger one built by George Gilbert Scott. The new church with its graceful spire and spacious layout added to the status and importance of the village. A more recent addition that helps make the village more complete is the green, added in 1948 after the demolition of the school.

St Peter’s Church contains one of the finest monuments in the county. This commemorates Henry and William Cavendish, the sons of Bess of Hardwick, the latter son being the First Earl. In the chancel is a brass plaque which records the death of John Beaton, the loyal servant of Mary, Queen of Scots who was imprisoned at Chatsworth House during part of her period in captivity. Also in the church, in a glass case is a wreath of everlasting flowers sent by Queen Victoria to the funeral of Lord Frederick Cavendish, tragically killed in Ireland while on a peace mission. Joseph Paxton is buried in the churchyard in a grave of much grander scale than that of his master, the sixth Duke.

At the top of the churchyard is the grave of Kathleen Kennedy, the sister of the late President of the USA. She was the wife of the present Duke’s elder brother and heir to the Dukedom who was tragically killed in Belgium during the last war. Only four years later his wife was killed in an air crash.

In June, 1963, John F Kennedy, the President of the United States visited the grave -- five months before being assassinated – on the way by helicopter to a meeting with the Prime Minister. This event is recalled by the Duchess of Devonshire in her book, ‘The House: a Portrait of Chatsworth’, when she describes the reaction of one resident of the village, ‘The wind from that machine blew my chickens away, and I haven’t seen them since’.

The architect, Sir Jeffery Wyatville was employed in designing the two gate lodges; one an Italianate villa, the other in complete contrast an English Lodge to mark the entrance to the park. Through the park gates on the right the lane in the village forks; Edensor Lane bearing right and Japp lane to the left. The old coach house and stables have been converted into comfortable flats for retired employees.

Edensor House, occupied for a time by the present Duke and Duchess, has been used to entertain royalty. Outside the park gates the handsome brick building was formerly an inn to serve travellers; villagers had to be content with a makeshift alehouse in one of the cottages. This inn later became Chatsworth Institute and is now occupied by Chatsworth Estate Offices in front is a bowling green and to the side a golf course. The old alehouse cottage still exists, as do the iron staples from where the inn sign hung. www.derbyshire-peakdistrict.co.uk

Borobudur temple

This is the image of Borobudur temple when sunrise comes. truly beautiful

Borobudur Temple

As one of the seven wonders of the world, Borobudur was built using the + / - 55,000 m3 of stone. Building up to this high kepuncak is 42m, with a width of 123 m. The primary Portrait and solid tower keangkasa and is a part of history that have been of 12 century. When the temple was established certainly not known with certainty. No evidence of a cause of Borobudur full darkness. Age determination made by considering the basic pattern and building the temple-carving that shows the pattern ukirannya Java middle 8 century BC.

Since built in the century to 8, the history of Borobudur arising sinking. Once completed, Borobudur and a research center pemngembangan budha religion. The religion embraces this, visit the Borobudur Buddhist to learn. All the relief of Borobudur contains a series of teachings of Buddhism. At that time the building of Borobudur become the center of attention and glorified as the holy building.

However, it is not prolonged. Along with the fall religious budha, Borobudur abandoned the pemeluknya. After the dynasty Cailendra (Caila = mountain, Indra = king) disappeared, Borobudur there is no news to give. There-century Borobudur darkness closed. No paper or news about Borobudur.



[Navigasi.net] Culture - Borobudur Temple
Peak Borobudur stupa is surrounded by a parent stupa-small stupa


Along with the move to the central Javanese kingdoms of East Java, Borobudur become practical slipshod again. Former gray volcanic eruptions, which includes Borobudur media for growing grass and bushes. Small trees begin bertumbuhan made the switch Borobudur appearance of a mound of stones closed thicket stare haunted and making people afraid to approach.

In the early centuries to 18, Governor General of Great Britain named Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, received reports about the existence of a temple tertutp by bushes. Raffles then send perwiranya, H.C. Cornelius to visit the large temple, that is the Borobudur. Scrub clean, so nampaklahsebuah temple with statues of Buddha that many in number. The situation is deplorable temple, because many parts of the already collapsed. Many statues are damaged, broken and his head lengannya buntung. Unfortunately the government Inggirs not be long. Research and business into Borobudur improve neglected again. However, since the start of Borobudur note. With the opening of Raffles, many people visit the Borobudur.



[Navigasi.net] Culture - Borobudur Temple
Appliances up to the main stupa, there are four steps in this temple of Borobudur, but it is always advisable to ascend the stairs from the east side


The Government of the Netherlands who started powerful again, starting interested. Unfortunately, not all people mean well. Statues and parts of the temple taken many beautiful people or government officials. One example is the year 1896, the government of the Netherlands East Indies, through the Resident Kedu, take eight trailer full of statues and a beautiful part of Borobudur to dihadiahkan to the King of Siam. Chulalangkon the king to visit Borobudur and will be very interested statues of Buddha from the temple. So diangkutlah gift from the Netherlands to the country. Until now, precious objects from Borobudur is stored in the Museum of Bangkok, Thailand ..

In the years 1907 to 1911 Borobudur direstorasi large-scale. Leaders of the restoration is Ir. Th. Van ERP, an engineer who bother to talented and have great attention to the fate of Borobudur. Cost is very much available, Borobudur, which almost collapsed demolished one by one. Then the stones are collected up. Circuits that are incorporated separately and searchable. Preparing a series of experiments that it is very difficult and long. Accuracy and patience necessary to do so and not be in error in the process that can be obtained form as the original temple was built when.



[Navigasi.net] Culture - Borobudur Temple
The walls of the temple filled relief.


Results of work Van ERP ultimately satisfying, although many sections that have been lost, but Borobudur appear extraordinary. Unfortunately, the natural process can not be prevented. Rain and dirt always overrides the Borobudur, made the moss grow fast and some parts of the temple begin italic, thin and vanish. Finally, on 10 August 1973 the government of Indonesia, with the funds and trained personnel from various corners of the world to do the large-scale restoration of Borobudur. The ongoing restoration almost perfect, and the results can be enjoyed until now.
(from the book are summarized by the Borobudur Temple Aiaz Rajasa, which are sold at many locations to visit the temple)
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Borobudur temple architecture is very interesting, consists of three main parts, namely legs, body and the head of the temple. On the walls of Borobudur terpahat relief. Relief is a series of stories that depicted in a frame (the panel) for one scene. There are thousands of frame in this temple, plus the hundreds of statues of Buddha in the stupa-stupa and niche-niche in the wall of the temple.